According to the USCIS, the U.S. welcomed nearly 880,000 immigrant citizens in 2023. But what is family reunification? For thousands of families, this process is a lifeline.

Today, we’re taking a closer look into the steps involved, the eligibility criteria, and the benefits of this essential immigration process, giving separated families the tools they need to start reuniting with their loved ones.

What Is Family Reunification?

Family reunification is a vital part of the immigration system. It allows individuals who have immigrated to a new country to be joined by their close family members.

Family reunification brings families back together after being separated, sometimes for long periods. The process allows spouses, parents, and children to live under one roof again.

Having loved ones nearby provides emotional support and stability, which can significantly improve the well-being of immigrants. The emotional strain of separation is difficult, and the opportunity to reunite often brings a sense of relief and happiness to those involved.

When families are reunited, they are more likely to settle and integrate successfully into their new environment. Being surrounded by loved ones helps immigrants adapt to their new country.

Family Reunification in U.S. Immigration Policy

Family reunification is central to U.S. immigration policy. The process allows citizens and lawful permanent residents to sponsor close family members, making it one of the main pathways for immigration to the United States.

It reflects a long-standing belief that family is the foundation of a stable and thriving society. This principle is why so many family-based visas are issued every year.

Understanding the US Immigration Visa Application Process

The process of family reunification largely depends on the US immigration visa system. The system allows citizens and lawful permanent residents to sponsor close family members, helping them obtain a visa to live in the United States. Understanding the types of visas available and how the process works is key for those looking to reunite with loved ones.

There are two main types of family-based visas: immediate relative visas and family preference visas.

Immediate relative visas are available to the closest family members, including spouses, unmarried children under 21, and parents of US citizens. This category generally has no limits on the number of visas issued each year, which can make the process faster.

Family preference visas are for extended relatives. They’re subject to annual caps, which can result in longer wait times.

For family reunification to begin, the US citizen or lawful permanent resident must file a petition on behalf of their relative. The petition, known as Form I-130, either alone or concurrently with Form I-485, is the first official step in the process.

It establishes the relationship between the sponsor and the applicant. Once the petition is approved, the next phase involves visa processing, which includes interviews, background checks, and more. Each step ensures that the process is handled carefully, allowing families to reunite while maintaining the integrity of immigration law.

Criteria for Family Reunification

The family reunification process is based on specific eligibility criteria. The three key criteria for family reunification include:

  • The relationship between the sponsor and the applicant
  • The financial requirements for the sponsor
  • Documentation to prove the relationship and eligibility

Relationship Between Sponsor and Applicant

Only certain family members can apply for family reunification. U.S. citizens can sponsor their spouses, unmarried children under 21, and parents. Lawful permanent residents, or green card holders, can sponsor their spouses and unmarried children. Extended family, like siblings or married children, may be eligible, but these categories often face longer waiting periods and fewer available visas.

Financial Requirements for the Sponsor

The sponsor must also meet financial requirements to ensure they can support their family member when they arrive in the United States. It’s measured by the sponsor’s income, which should be above a specific threshold based on the federal poverty line.

It ensures that the immigrant will not become a financial burden on the government. Sponsors are required to file an Affidavit of Support, which legally binds them to provide financial support if needed.

Documentation for Family Reunification

Proper documentation is critical in the family reunification process. The sponsor must provide proof of the family relationship, often through birth certificates, marriage licenses, or other legal documents.

The papers are essential to establish that the applicant qualifies for family reunification. The sponsor will also need to provide financial records to demonstrate that they meet the income requirements.

Steps in the Family Visa Process

The first step in the family reunification process is for the U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident to file an immigration petition. The petition is submitted using Form I-130, which officially establishes the family relationship between the sponsor and the applicant.

It must include supporting documents like proof of the relationship, such as birth certificates or marriage licenses. Once the petition is filed, it will be reviewed by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Processing the Visa Application

Once the petition is approved, the visa application process can begin. During this stage, the applicant will need to submit additional documents and forms that are specific to the type of visa they are applying for.  Particulars of this next stage will depend on whether the foreign national applicant is undergoing processing overseas at a U.S. consular post, or is present in the U.S. and eligible to adjust their status here.

It often includes financial records to show that the sponsor can support the family member. The National Visa Center (NVC) will process these documents and may request more information if anything is missing.

Final Steps: Interviews and Medical Exams

Before the visa is granted, the applicant must complete a few final steps. It includes attending an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate, or in some cases, at a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services field office.    During the interview, they will answer questions about their background, family relationship, and other details related to the visa application.

A medical exam is also required to ensure that the applicant meets health standards. Once all these steps are completed, and everything is in order, the visa will be issued, allowing the family member to enter the United States.

US Immigration Family Reunification

So, what is family reunification? It’s the process that brings separated families back together, offering emotional, financial, and social benefits.

Richard Hanus is proud to provide immigration law representation to individuals, families and businesses in Chicago. His dedication for nearly three decades has earned him the status as best immigration lawyer in the city.

Get in touch today to find out how we he can help your family reunification.